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Introduction: It has been suggested that isometric handgrip resistance exercise be used as the first line treatment for hypertension. This cross-sectional study sought to better understand the association between adult individual's systolic and diastolic blood pressures with hand grip strength. The present study is a cross-s Methods: ectional study done among 240 healthy participants aged 19-40 years. Clearance was obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee. Blood pressure was recorded following standard precautions. The average of the maximum handgrip strength from both hands were taken into consideration. General linear models were used to examine the association between handgrip strength and blood pressure. Data was analyzed by Independent t test and Pearson correlation test using software, SPSS version 26. Handgrip strength was significantly and positively associated Results: with systolic blood pressure (P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P<0.001) and body mass Index (P<0.05). There was an increase in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and body mass index with increase in handgrip strength. High systolic and diastolic blood pressures w Conclusion: ere associated with increased handgrip strength in both men and women. This aids in controlling blood pressure and might have implications for early prevention
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Background: This experiment has been designed for you to learn more about the way the cardiovascular system how it respond toward exercise. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its resultant debilitation of cardiac performance are expected to increase in the future generation. Eelier research on cardiovascular adaptations to endurance training has primarily focused on young generation. Recent work on the present study indicates that the basis of trained older male’s increased aerobic power is their superior ability to increase stroke volume during exercise, which, in turn, allows them to marked increase in cardiac output. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the differences in cardiovascular responses to exercise in trained and untrained individuals. Materials and Methods: In this, 100 subjects were included and divided into trained (50) and untrained (50) for a minimum of 1 year duration by the time of study and 50 untrained individuals acted as controls. Institution ethics committee permission obtained and the subjects performed four exercise sessions per week for a minimum of 1 year duration by the time of study; supervised by the personal trainers at gym center, according to instructions. Results: The mean resting heart rate (HR) of strength trained was lesser when compared to mean resting HR of untrained. Conclusion: Regular strength training exercise results in a decrease in weight, body fat, resistance of insulin, triglycerides, and an increase in excess good cholesterol levels. Regular strength training exercise if performed within normal limits decreases cardiovascular risk factors.
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Introduction: Blood pressure transient spikes have been considered to be noise and only a hindrance to a proper assessment of typical blood pressure, which is defined as the actual underlying average blood pres-sure over a long period of time. The current study aimed to see if the highest Self measured Systolic blood Pressure could be utilized to forecast the occurrence of Target organ damage and evaluate the independent association between the maximum Self measured Systolic blood Pressure and Target organ damage in indi-viduals with untreated hypertension. Method: We evaluated the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) using ultrasonography in 462 hypertensive individuals who had never taken treatment for their hypertension. Residential blood pressure was recorded. Result: The maximal Self measured Systolic blood Pressure had considerably higher association coefficients with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and carotid intima-media thickness than the mean Self measured Sys-tolic blood Pressure. Irrespective of the mean Self measured Blood pressure level, multivariate regression studies showed that the maximal Self measured Systolic blood Pressure was independently related with left ventricular mass index and carotid intima-media thickness. Conclusion: Transiently high blood pressure measurements recorded at Self measured shouldn't be dis-missed as noise but rather taken seriously as significant warning signs of hypertensive Target organ damage in the heart and arteries.
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Background: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common and a high-risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to identify students who are at risk of developing HTN with positive parental history of HTN and to compare the effects of isotonic exercise on cardiovascular parameters among the students with and without positive history of parental HTN. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 students participated in the study out of which 21 students had positive history of parental HTN with at least one parent having history of HTN and 29 students had negative history of parental HTN. Baseline pulse rate (PR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the participants were recorded. Then, all the participants performed Harvard step test for 3 min. The SBP, DBP, and PR were measured immediately after stopping the exercise and after 3 min and after 5 min of stopping the exercise. Data were statistically analyzed using unpaired t-test and ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: PR recorded after 3 min of stopping of exercise was significantly higher in the participants with positive parental history of HTN than the other group. SBP recorded immediately and after 3 min and after 5 min of stopping exercise was significantly higher in the participants with a positive history of parental HTN as compared to the other group. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in DBP between the two groups. Conclusion: Students with positive parental history may have relatively higher risk of developing HTN in future as an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise was observed in them in this study.
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Background: The term “stress” was first coined by the endocrinologist Hans Selye in the year 1930’s. Stress causes imbalance in the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions which can lead to disturbance in the body homeostasis. Medical education in India is vast, extensive and is more stressful. During undergraduate course medical students have to undergo many examinations such as internal assessment and university examinations, examination is one of the most common stressor for students. As performance in examinations determines the future of students, it is important for medical educators to know the prevalence, and causes, of stress among students at different time intervals. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the influence of examination stress on 1st MBBS students of BRIMS, Bidar from there admission (no examination) to final university examination on blood pressure and pulse rate. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted after obtaining the Ethical clearance from the institutional research and ethical committee of Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar. The study is carried out in the department of Physiology, BRIMS, Bidar. Out of 150 1st year MBBS students, healthy 102 students aged 17 to 20 years were selected for the study after following the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. After recording basic physical characteristics, Hemodynamic parameters such as Pulse Rate (Beats per minute), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) were recorded in three sessions, 1st session 1 month after the admission, 2nd session 6–8 days before 1st internal assessment, and 3rd session 6–8 days before final university examinations. The values obtained were analyzed by using t-test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Results revealed that there was statistically significant increase in the values of pulse rate (bpm), SBP (mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) in the study subjects when non examination period (1st session) was compared with the values of before 1st internal assessment (2nd session) and before final university examination (3rd session). Conclusion: Thus our study concluded that the values of pulse rate, SBP, and diastolic blood pressure were observed to be higher before 1st internal assessment and before university examinations when compared with after 1 month of their admission to college (i.e., no examination time).
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Background: Obesity and hypertension are two well-known public health issues associated with a very high risk of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. It has become increasingly prevalent with the advancing chronological age and developing of noncommunicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory diseases. Objectives: The paper aims to determine the prevalence of obesity and hypertension and their associated risk factors among the Chiru females of Manipur. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 207 Chiru females of Manipur, whose ages ranged from 20 to 79 years. Anthropometric and blood pressure were measured using standard procedures. Statistical methods such as Chi-square, Pearson correlation, and odds ratio (OR) were employed. Results: The nutritional status of the overweight and the obese are 33.3% and 11.6%. The overall prevalence of high blood pressure was 22.2%. This study observed a significant Pearson correlation between blood pressure and body mass index (BMI), age, physical activity, salt intake, smoking, and alcohol. The binary logistic regression, in terms of OR and coefficient of correlation, shows enough shreds of evidence that BMI and lifestyle factors are strongly associated and correlated with hypertension. Conclusion: The present study found a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chiru females, which might have contributed to the overall moderate prevalence of hypertension. Smoking, physical inactivity, and salt intake involve a significant risk of hypertension. Therefore, lifestyle has dramatically influenced the Chiru females of Manipur in terms of hypertension and obesity.
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Background: Measurement of arterial blood pressure (BP) is one of the routine procedures performed both in outpatient and inpatient services of the hospital. Even though BP estimation is routinely done, its values are vital to assess the health status of the patients. Accurate recordings of BP can be estimated by adhering to all the precautions and instructions relating to the specific method employed for BP measurement. In recent years, many health-care setups are replacing the traditional manual BP apparatus with automated machines (digital) for BP estimation. Hence, there is a need to compare these two techniques in relation to their accuracy. Aims and Objectives: In a quest to replace manual mercury sphygmomanometers with automated machines, there is a need to see the reliability of automated machines of BP measurements especially which are currently available in India. Hence, the present study will help us to see the accuracy of automated machines by simultaneously comparing them with manual mercury sphygmomanometer. Materials and Methods: A total of around 224 patients which include 124 males and 100 females within the age group of 25–35 years are recruited for the study. Informed consent was taken from all the subjects. Institute ethical clearance was obtained before conducting the research study. Both manual and automated BP apparatus were used for BP recording. Results: The mean systolic BP (SBP) recorded in males using the mercury sphygmomanometer was found to be 113.19 ± 10.60 mmHg, 113.08 ± 10.08 mmHg, and 117.16 ± 11.14 mmHg, and the mean diastolic BP (DBP) was found to be 68.76 ± 8.34 mmHg, 70.50 ± 8.66 mmHg, and 72.69 ± 8.35 mmHg in sitting, standing, and recumbent postures, respectively. The mean SBP recorded using digital sphygmomanometer was found to be 113.90 ± 10.93 mmHg, 117.24 ± 10.23 mmHg, and 117.16 ± 11.14 mmHg and the mean DBP recorded was found to be to be 68.50±8.43 mmHg, 70.50 ± 8.66 mmHg, and 72.39±7.89 mmHg in sitting, standing, and recumbent postures, respectively. The difference between mean SBP and DBPs in males recorded using the two devices was found to be statistically insignificant. Similarly, the difference between mean SBP and DBP in females recorded using the two devices was not statistically significant. Conclusion: From the above results, it is concluded that there were no significant differences in recorded values of manual mercury sphygmomanometer and automated digital sphygmomanometer.
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Background: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for regulating the functions of several organ systems, thereby contributing to homeostatic control and adaptive mechanisms. The ANS function can be modified by several modifiable factors and its derangement is also responsible for several disorders. Diet is an important modifiable factor. Aim and Objectives: The objective of this study was therefore to study this interaction between diet and ANS. Materials and Methods: Subjects meeting the required inclusion and exclusion criteria as set by the investigators were classified into two groups based on their dietary habits (vegetarian and non-vegetarian). Anthropometric data were measured/calculated, and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was recorded at rest and during hand grip test (HGT). Results were statistically analyzed using unpaired t-test. Results: The pertinent anthropometric data were comparable between the groups, and also the DBP was similar under resting conditions as well as during HGT. Conclusion: The type of diet adopted by an individual does not seem to influence the way the ANS functions, but this could be due to the fact that all the subjects in this study irrespective of their dietary preferences had a normal and similar body mass index.
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Background: An old proverb teaches us “Good things come to those who sweat.” Apart from its philosophical and metaphysical meaning, it is also true by words. Many previous studies also supported this view, but study in the rural part of Bengal in this field had hardly been undertaken before. Aim and Objectives: The objective of the study was to find any difference in cardiovascular parameters, for example, arterial blood pressure, heart rate; to compare the body mass index (BMI), skin fold thickness among athletes and non-athlete adult male volunteers; and also to identify any difference in resting electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns between those two groups. Materials and Methods: The present article is a scientific validation of this statement. In technical terms, this is an institutional ethics committee certified case-control study conducted in Burdwan and Birbhum districts of West Bengal with 75 non-athlete people and 75 athletes. Results: With the help of modern diagnostic tools and rigorous statistical methods, it was found that there are significant differences (P < 0.00001) between these two groups in terms of waist circumference, abdominal skin fold thickness, BMI, diastolic blood pressure (BP), and left ventricular hypertrophy by ECG. From existing medical knowledge-base, this finding can immediately be interpreted as having higher risk factors of coronary heart diseases for non-athlete people. Conclusion: Based on these findings, authors recommended that a sedentary lifestyle should be avoided to get rid of hypertension and obesity and stay away from fatal coronary heart diseases. Regular Physical activity and healthy diet can help us to live a long and disease-free life. This article speaks nothing new and surprising but confirms an age-old truth with modern scientific experiments, methods, and techniques which is a need of the hour.
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Aims : To study the comparative efficacy of Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone, either used alone or in combination on Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Lipid Profile and Anthropometry. Methods : It was a Prospective, Randomised, Longitudinal study, where consecutive patients presenting to medicine Out Patient Department (OPD) and In Patient Department (IPD) were screened for essential hypertension based upon the JNC VII Guidelines. Those subjects who satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criterias were included in the study. These subjects were divided into four subgroups. Each patient was assessed for Blood Pressure (BP), Lipid profile, Anthropometry for a period of 180 days. Results : There was statistically significant reduction in both systolic blood pressure and DBP in both the groups over a period of 180 days. This trend was progressive during the observed period in both the groups till a stable state was reached. There was a greater reduction in the SBP in the chlorthalidone group as compared to the Hydrochlorothiazide group (P value 0.05). However, such trend was not observed on the DBP on the two groups. Over a six months follow up there was no change in the Lipid parameters either on the same group or while comparing the two groups. The body Anthropometry , especially waist Hip ratio and Body Mass Index also did not show any significant difference in the two groups( either used alone or in combination). Conclusion : Chlorthalidone was found to be a relatively more potent Anti-hypertensive on SBP when compared with Hydrochlorothiazide .Both these drugs failed to show any significant difference in the Lipid Profile and Anthropometry in a period of six months.
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Globally, hypertension is a common problem in the elderly, and its prevalence increases with increasing age. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) subset is more common in the very elderly population, and as the population ages, its prevalence will rise more and more. In the past, treatment of hypertension (HT) in the very elderly was controversial and either no treatment or complications of treatment risk overweigh the benefits observed. The inclusion of elders in various clinical trials has demonstrated a better understanding and rational approach toward optimal management of HT. Systolic blood pressure (BP) is more important in predicting adverse cerebrovascular outcomes and decline in renal function in elderly patients with ISH. Early detection, protection of target organs, correction of high BP will develop, promote, and corroborate healthy aging.
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Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of gout patients and explore whether there is an interaction between serum uric acid and diastolic blood pressure affecting the onset of tophi.Methods:A total of 4 798 gout patients were retrospective selected in the outpatient Department of the Gout Clinical Medical Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from September 2016 to May 2020. It was divided into tophi group and non-tophi group to compare the differences in indicators. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of tophi, and an interaction model was constructed to analyze the interactions.Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between age, diastolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption history, gout family history, blood uric acid, urea nitrogen, and creatinine clearance and tophi formation. The results of blood uric acid-related interaction analysis showed a significant interaction between blood uric acid and diastolic blood pressure( Pinteraction=0.014), and the risk of developing tophi in low diastolic blood pressure and high diastolic blood pressure group increased by 34.4%( OR=1.344, 95% CI 1.105-1.635, P=0.003) and 95.4%( OR=1.954, 95% CI 1.558-2.450, P<0.001) in the high blood uric acid group compared with the low blood uric acid group. The results of diastolic blood pressure and blood uric acid subgroup analysis showed that there was no statistical difference in the risk of developing tophi in people with low uric acid levels( P=0.238), but in people with high uric acid levels, the risk of developing tophi was 67%( OR=1.670, 95% CI 1.379-2.022, P<0.001) higher than that in the low uric acid group. Conclusion:Age, diastolic blood pressure, combined alcohol consumption history and gout family history, blood uric acid, renal function are related to the occurrence of tophi. High uric acid and high diastolic blood pressure have interaction on the occurrence of tophi. Attention and proactive intervention shall be applied to this group of patients.
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La Hipertensión Arterial es una enfermedad de etiología múltiple, caracterizada por la elevación persistente de la tensión arterial sistólica, diastólica o ambas cifras. Objetivo: Determinar los estilos de vida de los adultos mayores hipertensos del Centro del Adulto Mayor "Renta Luque" 2019. Siendo las variables del estudio estilos de vida el cual consta de tres dimensiones, nutrición, actividad física y hábitos nocivos. Materiales y métodos: La investigación se llevó a cabo mediante el método descriptivo de tipo cuantitativo. La muestra de este estudio se constituyó por 100 adultos mayores de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre los 60 y 80 años, con patología de base hipertensión arterial. Para conocer los estilos de vida se aplicó el cuestionario validado por expertos en metodología de investigación y especialistas médicos que consiste en 21 ítems de distintos criterios relacionados con el estilo de vida. Resultados: Con la información de los cuestionario se realizó un análisis, presentándose una síntesis gráfica de los resultados más relevantes de esta información. Los resultados de este estudio servirán como base para fomentar, con fundamentos reales, la práctica de actividad física, nutrición y los hábitos nocivos en la adquisición de hábitos saludables de la población nacional, generando el aporte para estudios posteriores sobre la relación de estas mismas variables en diversas poblaciones. Conclusión: Mantener un estilo de vida saludables es vital para garantizar la calidad de vida de este grupo etario. Es importante que cuenten con apoyo psicológico permanente, además de un estricto control nutricional, realización de ejercicios pasivos como yoga para evitar el alto nivel de stress que suelen presentar los adultos mayores en especial con comorbilidades como la hipertensión arterial(AU)
Arterial Hypertension is a disease of multiple etiology, characterized by persistent elevation of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure or both figures. Objective: To determine the lifestyles of hypertensive older adults at the "Renta Luque" Senior Center 2019. Being the variables of the study lifestyles that consists of three dimensions, nutrition, physical activity and harmful habits. Materials and methods: The research was carried out using the quantitative descriptive method. The sample of this study consisted of 100 older adults of both sexes aged between 60 and 80 years, with arterial hypertension. The questionnaire validated by experts in research methodology and medical specialists, consisting of 21 items of different criteria related to lifestyle, was applied to learn about lifestyles. Results: With the information from the results of the questionnaire, an analysis was made, presenting a graphic synthesis of the most relevant results of this information. The results of this study will serve as a basis to promote, with real foundations, the practice of physical activity, nutrition and harmful habits in the acquisition of healthy habits in the national population, generating the contribution for subsequent studies on the relationship of these same variables in different populations. Conclusion: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is vital to ensure the quality of life of this age group. It is important that they have permanent psychological support, in addition to strict nutritional control and passive exercises such as yoga to avoid the high level of stress that older adults usually present, especially with comorbidities such as arterial hypertension(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , Hypertension/etiology , Life Style , Exercise , Elderly Nutrition , HabitsABSTRACT
Objective: Comparison between Methyldopa and combination of Methyldopa and Nifedipine in terms of mean change in blood pressure in pregnancy induced hypertension. Material and methods: This randomized controlled was conducted at Depart Obstetrics and Gynecology DHQ Okara. Total 80 women with pregnancy induced hypertension having age range from 20-40 years and with gestational age 20-40 weeks were selected. Results: Mean age of the patients was 30.81 ± 5.670 years, mean age of patients of group A was 31.50 ± 5.809 years and mean age of group B was 30.13 ± 5.515 years. Mean gestational age was 30.17 ± 5.981 weeks, mean gestational age of patients of group A was 29.70 ± 6.329 weeks and mean gestational age of patients of group B was 6.329 ± 5.650 weeks. In group A, mean diastolic blood pressure was decrease from 101.2250 ± 4.97938 to 84.5000 ± 3.26599 and in group B from 107.7750 ± 7.18434 to 82.5000 ± 2.25320. Comparison of mean decrease in diastolic blood pressure between group A (High dose Methyldopa) and group B (Low dose Low dose Methyldopa with Nifedipine) was done. Mean decrease in diastolic blood pressure in group A was 16.72 ± 3.935 and in group B was 25.28 ± 6.876. Statistically significant difference of mean decrease in diastolic blood pressure between the both groups was noted with p value 0.000. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that Low dose Methyldopa with Nifedipine combination is more effective as compared to High dose Methyldopa to reduce diastolic blood pressure in pregnant women suffering from pregnancy induced hypertension.
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Aquatic walking, which is influenced by the physical characteristics of water such as buoyancy, resistance, water pressure, and water temperature, is known to be effective for reducing stress on joints and increasing muscular strength. However, there is no consensus on its influence on blood pressure changes in elderly people. To address this uncertainty, we researched the effects of aquatic walking on the blood pressure of elderly people. Study participants were 48 females enrolled in a class to prevent the need for nursing care. In accordance with the diagnostic criteria for hypertension, participants were divided into two groups based on initial blood pressure measurements: a “high blood pressure group” with 27 people and a control group with 21 people. Both groups did the following program once a week for five weeks: 10 minute warmup, 15 minutes of aquatic walking (forward, backward, and sideways walking), 10 minute break, and additional 10 minutes of aquatic walking. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and average blood pressure of the participants were recorded. Results showed that the high blood pressure group showed significant decreases in systolic blood pressure after one week, and significant decreases in both diastolic blood pressure and average blood pressure from three weeks onward. No significant change was evident in the control group. However, comparing values measured immediately before and after aquatic walking showed that the control group had a significant post-aquatic walking increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as a significant decrease in heart rate. Similar significant post-aquatic walking increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as a significant decrease in heart rate was also evident in the high blood pressure group from five weeks onward, once their measured values had improved. These results suggest that continuing an aquatic walking program will lower the blood pressure of elderly individuals meeting the diagnostic criteria for hypertension, but it is necessary to be attentive to physical condition because blood pressure increases immediately after aquatic walking in non-hypertensive individuals.
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Aquatic walking, which is influenced by the physical characteristics of water such as buoyancy, resistance, water pressure, and water temperature, is known to be effective for reducing stress on joints and increasing muscular strength. However, there is no consensus on its influence on blood pressure changes in elderly people. To address this uncertainty, we researched the effects of aquatic walking on the blood pressure of elderly people. Study participants were 48 females enrolled in a class to prevent the need for nursing care. In accordance with the diagnostic criteria for hypertension, participants were divided into two groups based on initial blood pressure measurements: a “high blood pressure group” with 27 people and a control group with 21 people. Both groups did the following program once a week for five weeks: 10 minute warmup, 15 minutes of aquatic walking (forward, backward, and sideways walking), 10 minute break, and additional 10 minutes of aquatic walking. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and average blood pressure of the participants were recorded. Results showed that the high blood pressure group showed significant decreases in systolic blood pressure after one week, and significant decreases in both diastolic blood pressure and average blood pressure from three weeks onward. No significant change was evident in the control group. However, comparing values measured immediately before and after aquatic walking showed that the control group had a significant post-aquatic walking increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as a significant decrease in heart rate. Similar significant post-aquatic walking increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as a significant decrease in heart rate was also evident in the high blood pressure group from five weeks onward, once their measured values had improved. These results suggest that continuing an aquatic walking program will lower the blood pressure of elderly individuals meeting the diagnostic criteria for hypertension, but it is necessary to be attentive to physical condition because blood pressure increases immediately after aquatic walking in non-hypertensive individuals.
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Background: Tobacco can be consumed as cigarettes and also as smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco is a harmful tobacco product that contains over 3,000 chemicals, 7 including 28 known carcinogens (cancer-causing agents). Various forms of smokeless tobacco (mainly snuff and chewing tobacco) cause an immediate increase in heart rate and blood pressure. However, the relationship between smokeless tobacco uses on blood pressure remains unknown, especially in tertiary level hospitals. Our aim is to find out the smokeless tobacco use influence on cardiovascular parameters, for instance, pulse rate and blood pressure. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess cardiovascular changes among adult male smokeless tobacco (ST) users. For this purpose, 50 male respondents were selected. The participants were selected from the medicine outpatient department of Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh. Pulse rate and blood pressure were measured and ST uses behavior was assessed using self-reports. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS20. Results: In this study, the mean (±SD) of pulse rate was 83.2±12.3 beats/min. The mean (±SD) of systolic blood pressure was 158.72±24.84 mm of Hg and the mean (±SD) of diastolic blood pressure was 98.78±9.87 mm of Hg in smokeless tobacco users. Conclusion: Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in smokeless tobacco users in the tertiary level hospital. However, the mean pulse rate was within the normal range.
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Background: Hypothyroidism has been known to be associated with changes in systemic arterial blood pressure. Diastolicblood pressure (DBP) is known to be elevated causing proportionate reduction in pulse pressure.Aim: The aim of the study is to find out the correlation between systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, pulse pressure (PP), andmean arterial pressure of hypothyroid patients and normal individuals.Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted in Government Rajaji Hospital attached to Madurai MedicalCollege, Madurai. Twenty-five hypothyroid subjects were enrolled for the study (study group) from the department of endocrinologyand metabolism. Twenty-five normal subjects who were age and sex matched with the study group were enrolled for the study(control group). Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were estimated in all the subjects. Arterial blood pressure wasrecorded in all the subjects in the sitting posture and the results obtained. The results are tabulated and analyzed by applyingunpaired “t” test.Results and Conclusion: Among the blood pressure parameters, only PP showed a positive correlation between the studygroup and control group. SBP, DBP, and mean arterial blood pressure showed no significance.
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Sickle cell disease is the commonest haemoglobinopathy. Anaemia leads to a hyperdynamic circulation, decreased systemic resistance, and sickle polymerization causing hyperviscosity, natriuresis and hyposthenuria that blunt the maximal plasma volume expansion interplay to affect blood pressure indices. Asian and African continents have a high share of sickle cell population, being historically malaria endemic areas. These populations have previously witnessed early death due to complications from sickle cell disease. With the recent advanced therapeutic approaches, sickle cell patients are surviving beyond adulthood. Increased survival has resulted in a new subset of sickle cell patients which is exposed to the effects of persistent haemolytic anaemia and the haemodynamic alterations. These effects have not been studied in sickle cell patients in the state of Chhattisgarh. Most of the studies conclude that sickle subjects have lower systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure and higher pulse pressure. METHODSParticipants were all sickle cell anaemia patients with SS pattern under the age group 8 to 18 yrs. from the Paediatric Department of the Pt J N M Medical College and associated Dr B R A M Hospital, Raipur and the controls were healthy age matched patients without any haemoglobinopathy. This study documented blood pressure indices - systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure and pulse pressure in children with sickle cell disease and comparable controls presenting to a tertiary medical college hospital in Chhattisgarh. RESULTSThe present cross sectional study reveals no difference in these blood pressure indices of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure and pulse pressure between sickle and control subjects. Data was tabulated for 50 patients of sickle cell disease and 50 healthy controls without any haemoglobinopathy. The study concluded that the mean systolic blood pressure in sickle cell patients and control group was 119.46 ± 8.32 & 117.14 ± 8.10 (p=0.161), the diastolic blood pressure was 73.42 ± 7.88 & 72.60 ± 6.62 (p=0.575), mean blood pressure was 137.71 ± 11.44 & 135.85 ± 9.91 (p=0.385) and the pulse pressure was 46.04 ± 10.13 & 44.52 ± 9.00 (p=0.430) respectively. CONCLUSIONSThe blood pressure indices in sickle cell patients in India vary from those observed in other studies from other countries. It is possible that the sickle population in the present study may be having relative systemic hypertension that can be ascertained with future studies.
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Background: Hypertension is the one major global burden disease, causes 7.5 million deaths i.e.12.8%. Coronary Heart Disease Prevails 3-4% rural and 8-10% of urban population under 20 year’s age in India. Two fold rise in rural & six fold rise in urban areas since four decades. Environmental and Genetic factors i.e. Sex, BSA, obesity, family history of hypertension, dietary habits, physical activity, stress, race, ethnicity and socio economic status influence on children and adolescent. Many studies have established normal standards of BP for the children of different ages and races in their countries. Indian children cannot be adopted due to differences in ethnic, socio-economic, dietetic, environmental and emotional factors.Methods: A cross sectional study done with 2422 children of 5 to 16 years age school children, selected from 13 Schools (Government and Private) of Urban and Rural areas of Warangal.Results: A linear increase in mean BP with age, sex, weight, height, social status and locality. DBP has strong negative correlation with sex. i.e. female have high DBP and children of lower class and rural area has high DBP. 54 children <85th and 95th percentile and 5 children >95th percentile has comparatively high mean BP, 27 children with history of Hypertension in parents are >85th and 95th percentiles. Positive correlation with BMI in both sexes studied. A multivariate regression study confers positive strong correlation of Mean SBP and DBP with anthropometry.Conclusions: Observed similar results of SBP and DBP in both sexes, linear Increase in mean SBP and DBP with increasing age, weight, height and BMI. Family history of hypertension and high SES had direct correlation to SBP and DBP; class I SES has higher Mean SBP than class III SES.